Machining and fabrication both create metal parts, yet they solve different problems. Machining removes material for precise geometry. Fabrication reshapes and joins pieces to build frames, housings and assemblies. Knowing the difference helps plan costs and lead time and guides tolerances.
What Machining Does
Machining is subtractive. Lathes, mills, drills and grinders cut a billet, bar or casting to size. It excels when tolerances are tight, hole positions must repeat or complex bores and faces are needed. Computer Numerical Control keeps batches consistent. Typical outputs include shafts, bushings, jigs and precision housings, where accuracy and surface finish matter most.
What Fabrication Involves
Fabrication reshapes stock by cutting, folding and welding to make brackets, guards, frames and ducting. It suits larger parts and modular assemblies, and it scales well when profiles repeat. Many projects use sheet metal fabrication for enclosures and supports that need strength without excess weight. Teams combine laser cutting, press braking and MIG or TIG welding, then finish with powder coating or paint as required.
How to Choose and Combine
Start with function, loads and tolerances, then weigh budget and delivery. A machined insert can bolt into a fabricated frame, adding precision only where needed. In practice, blending machining with sheet metal fabrication can shorten lead times, reduce waste and meet performance targets.
Match process to geometry and volume, keep drawings clear and invite supplier feedback early to avoid redesigns and reduce lifetime costs. Consider tooling availability, material machinability, tolerances, finishing needs, inspection capability and transport constraints when selecting the most efficient route overall.
